Clinical Challenges in COPD-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mr. George Polaris Chronic Condition. Answer: Introduction The diseases lasting for three months or more is usually considered as chronic condition. These conditions are not preventable or curable in nature with the help of medications or vaccines. The only way to manage the condition is with the help of its continuous management. Certain chronic conditions are associated with co-morbidities, making the management of the condition further complex. Considering the above discussed aspect, the essay would deal with provided case scenario 1, which deals with the chronic condition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). In the process of discussion, 2 potential health concerns, apt topic of client education, 2 apt client education strategies will be discussed. Overview of Mr. George Polaris chronic condition Considering the case of Mr. Polaris it can be observed that due to symptoms like fever, shortness of breath and productive cough. Followed by number of respiratory tests he was diagnosed with COPD with a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Due to the condition it can be observed that he has lost several kilograms and at present he weighs 65 Kg with a height of 178cms. The scenario of Mr. Polaris also states that he is has been smoking 20 cigarettes every day since he was the age of 14 years (Effing et al., 2012). This clearly indicates the fact that Mr. Polaris is a heavy smoker which acts a major contributing factor to the chronic condition suffered on his part. The current vitals of Mr. Polaris reflect that he is having a body temperature of 36.7o which indicates an average body temperature. The vitals also reflects that his blood pressure is 135/88 mmHG. It is mentionable here that a reading of blood pressure between 120/80 and 139/89 indicates Pre-hypertension th at states that Mr. George do not have hypertension but the present blood pressure is higher as considered optimal blood pressure. The present vitals of Mr. Polaris also states that his Pulse 100 beats/min (Barnes, 2014).. A healthy adult heart beats, 60 to 100 beats/min. In case the heart rate of an individual is continuously over, 100 beats/min it will indicate the individual is suffering from tachycardia. In case of Mr. Polaris it the pulse rate indicates a risk of occurrence of tachycardia. The respiratory rate of Mr. Polaris is 22 breaths/min, which is more than usual adult respiratory rate i.e. between 15-20 breaths/min. The respiratory rate of Mr. Polaris indicates tachypnea, which is associated with COPD (Barnes, 2014). In the process of providing care services to Mr. Polaris these complications are required to be addressed. Two actual and/or potential health concerns for Mr. George Polaris Considering the present situation of Mr. Polaris there are various actual and potential health concerns which can be identified. It can be observed that he had lost several kilograms which at present stand to 65 kg with a height of 178 cms. On these facts it can be stated the actual health concerns in his case is emphysema. This particular form of chronic long term lung disease is associated with COPD. Due to this complication he was losing weight drastically (Donner and Carone, 2007). This particular condition is considered to be obstructive, as it results in blocking the natural air flow of the lungs. The occurrence of emphysema is due to the damage of the linings of tiny air sacs in the lungs beyond to the extent that cannot be repaired which in case of Mr. Polaris, occurred due to heavy smoking. This acted as a contributing factor in his case for the occurrence of COPD and the associated health concern of emphysema. In case of Mr. Polaris is heart complications is another concern. In case of patients of COPD, among the various conditions shortness of breath is among the common symptoms. The patients of COPD face issues in taking required oxygen for the usual functioning of the body and eliminating carbon dioxide from the body. In case of Mr. Polaris his respiratory rate was 22 breaths/ min which indicates he was facing trouble in respiration (Steinback et al., 2009). Due to such health risk, the health concern which may be developed on his part is low levels of oxygen in the blood that is referred as hypoxia along with high level of carbon dioxide referred to as hypercapnia. The combination of the above discussed issue in acute respiratory failure in the long term. Due to the occurrence of hypoxia, the pulmonary arteries also get affected, which results in narrowing the arteries and leads to high blood pressure. In case of Mr. Polaris, it has been noted that his blood pressure is 135/88 mmHg whi ch indicates Pre-hypertension. It may further develop to high blood pressure in the lungs or pulmonary hypertension (Minai et al., 2010) . Thus, in the process of providing care services in his case, the care providers like the GP and Registered Nurse are required to take these issues under consideration. Appropriate topics for Mr. George Polaris education In order to educate patients like Mr. Polaris with the help of educational program of pulmonary rehabilitation diverse needs of the patient can be addressed. It helps in creating awareness regarding various aspects of the condition, like the need of exercise (van der Molen et al., 2013). It comprises of physical activity sessions, advise and discussion on lung health of patients in this condition and thus educating the patients regarding the aspects in context to the particular condition. In similar cases like that of Mr. Polariss who are heavy smokers, PR programs help in positively impacting and changing the care users perception on habits like smoking and its adverse impact on the condition. The conducted study by Lung Foundation Australia in the year 2000, states that the essential educational topics in case COPD patients who are undergoing a pulmonary rehabilitation [PR] program (Hopkinson, 2017). The identified educational topics in this context are the role and appropriate use of medications, management of breathlessness or breathing techniques, physical exercise, healthy eating, information associated with the condition and coping up with the condition. The sequence of the educational topics for the patients of COPD undertaking PR program are in order of its significance. However, in order to address the particular heath issues in case of Mr. Polaris the two particular educational topics that are required to be addressed are breathing techniques to address the issue of abnormal respiratory rate and healthy or nutritional eating to address the issue of drastic weight loss associated with emphysema. Thus, in the process of educating patients like Mr. Polaris regarding breathing techniques, physical training that comprise of breathing exercise, endurance exercise and respiratory muscle strength training are required to be provided. With the help of the training under the educational topic of breathing technique, the health concern of shortness of breath, abnormal respiratory rate- 22 breaths/ min, associated condition of hypoxia and hypercapnia which may finally lead to acute respiratory failure and high blood pressure can be addressed and managed (Weldam et al., 2013). Under the educational topic of breathing technique, techniques like diaphragmatic bre athing are also required to be taught to the care users. These techniques help in developing the respiratory strength of the care users gets. Thus it helps the in managing the issue of breathlessness and abnormal respiratory rate of patients by disseminating information about self-management skills if they are out of breathe suddenly along with controlling the breathing pattern. Hence, it would help in avoiding heart complications like hypertension. In case of Mr. Polaris, drastic loss of weight is another major health issue. Among patients like Mr. Polaris, maintaining healthy weight is essential for the purpose of management of the symptoms. Though being overweight increases the complexities in the management of the condition, however being underweight creates further complication. Too much of weight loss in COPD result, in poorer prognosis . It also results in making individuals feel tired and make them prone to infections. In COPD more energy is also required to be used on the part of patients for breathing that becomes difficult in low calorie intake (Singh Singh, 2012). The lack of energy makes it difficult on the part of the care users to abide by COPD management plan. Thus, in the process of helping the patients to adhere to nutritional eating, monitoring calories, emphasizing on protein consumption, getting balance in the diet are essential (Williams et al., 2014). However, in case of patients like Mr. Polaris having d rastic weight, they are required to include high-calorie and healthy snacks in their diet. This makes it essential for them to consume products like milk, nuts, cheese, avocado, oats etc. Thus, in cases like that of Mr. Polaris, in order to educate him along with his family member to support him to intake the required amount of food at correct amount, dietitian can be helpful. On the basis of guide of such professional Mr. Polaris and his family members will have to help him to follow a healthy eating plan along with achievable exercise. This would help him to tackle the health issue of drastic weight loss. Appropriate client education strategies In order to educate patients like Mr. Polaris along with family members, due to having specific care needs, educational stated will be provided through individual session and private set up. The strategy which will be opted, by the Registered Nurse to create awareness on the educational topic of healthy or nutritional eating, is the use of interactive lecturing. In this particular strategy, effective participation of families and patients are required for the purpose of gaining knowledge on the topic (Nault, 2007). It requires the involvement of asking question and letting the patients and family members ask question. The tools will can be used in this particular strategy is PowerPoint presentation with the help of which required information can be disseminated to the patient and family members. On the basis of these informations, they can be asked question or allowed to ask question. The participant who would be involved in this particular strategy is the patient and the family memb ers, dietitian as they can work in an integrated manner towards maintaining a healthy living style. The strategy that would be used to educate the care user breathing technique is- supportive demonstrations. This strategy will also be taught in a private educational setting, so that the care user can learn the techniques effectively (Puhan et al., 2011). The tools which would be preferred to be used in the process is patients own equipment for the purpose of demonstrates. Thus with the help of these strategies, the educational topics on breathing technique and healthy nutritional eating can be disseminated. Justification for choice of education strategies The educational strategy of interactive lecturing has been chosen to disseminate information on healthy living strategy is due to the fact that in maintain healthy living pattern collaborative working of the professionals and the care users and family members is required. The particular strategy gives the opportunity to the family members and care users to gain information on the particular topic with the help of interactive pattern of communication under this strategy. Hence this strategy has been chosen by the Registered Nurse to disseminate information on healthy living strategy. Supportive demonstrations has been chosen by Registered Nurse to disseminate information on breathing technique due to the fact that with the help of this strategy, the care user can be provided with the time and opportunity to learn and practice the required skills and master it (Faris, 2016). Hence with the help of this strategy, patients like Mr. Polaris can learn techniques of breathing resulting in opting for the particular strategy. Conclusion On the basis of the above made discussion, Mr. Polaris has drastic weight loss and abnormal respiration rate are among the major issues. In order to deal with these issues educational topics like breathing techniques can be helpful. In the management of the condition, the collaborative working of the care users and family members are also important. References Barnes, P. (2014).COPD. 1st ed. Elsevier Health Sciences. Donner, C. and Carone, M. (2007). Clinical Challenges in COPD. Oxford: Atlas Medical Pub. Effing, T. W., Bourbeau, J., Vercoulen, J., Apter, A. J., Coultas, D., Meek, P., ... Palen, J. V. D. (2012). Self-management programmes for COPD: moving forward.Chronic respiratory disease,9(1), 27-35. Faris, S. (2016).Recognizing Serious COPD Complications. [online] Healthline. 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